GLOSSARY

processing, workflow; having the capability of starting, operating, moving, etc., independently.

intelligent capturing, self-contained, undertaken or carried on without outside control;

Object for describing..."Object" complexity, object surface;
Digital: 3D Asset, Digital Asset, 3D model;
Physical: "Heritage Artifacts", "Heritage Assets", "tangible assets" intelligent capturing, self-contained, undertaken or carried on without outside control;

n 3D computer graphics and solid modelling, a polygon mesh is a collection of vertices, edges and faces that defines the shape of a polyhedral object's surface. It simplifies rendering, as in a wire-frame model. The faces usually consist of triangles, quadrilaterals, or other simple convex polygons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon_mesh

is the lay-mans term /non-expert term for "photogrammetry". It is the science of making measurements from photographs, especially for the purpose of reconstructing the exact shape and size of an object or area in 3D.

image matching and image orientation

is a photogrammetry technique that estimates a scene's 3D structure by analyzing a series of 2D images taken from different viewpoints. It involves detecting and matching features across images, which allows for the calculation of camera positions and the 3D points they observed. SfM is used in applications like 3D scanning, augmented reality, and robotics, creating 3D models of objects or environments.image matching and image orientation.

MVS algorithms (multi-view stereo) = a technique for 3D model reconstruction from multiple images, focusing on recent advancements, challenges, and applications. It is a technique used in computer vision to reconstruct 3D models from multiple 2D images. By analyzing the differences and similarities between these images, MVS algorithms can estimate the depth and geometry of the scene, creating a 3D representation. This technique plays a crucial role in various applications, such as virtual reality, autonomous navigation, and cultural heritage preservation. Some of the main challenges in multi-view stereo include:

Scalability: Handling large-scale scenes and high-resolution images can be computationally expensive and time-consuming.
Memory consumption: Storing and processing multiple images and depth maps require substantial memory resources.
Handling texture-less regions: Estimating depth in areas with little or no texture can be difficult, as traditional feature matching methods struggle to find correspondences. Researchers are continuously developing new techniques to address these challenges, such as incorporating recurrent neural networks, uncertainty-aware methods, and hierarchical prior mining.get: dense reconstruction (dense point-cloud), depth maps is a photogrammetry technique that estimates a scene's 3D structure by analyzing a series of 2D images taken from different viewpoints. It involves detecting and matching features across images, which allows for the calculation of camera positions and the 3D points they observed. SfM is used in applications like 3D scanning, augmented reality, and robotics, creating 3D models of objects or environments.image matching and image orientation.

algorithms: surface from depth-maps = is a depth map is an image or image channel that contains information relating to the distance of the surfaces of scene objects from a viewpoint.

surface from dense point-cloud (triangulation) = is a collection of data points in 3D space, often generated by laser scanning technologies like LiDAR, that represent a physical object or environment. Each point has a position (x, y, z coordinates) and can also contain other information like color, intensity, or timestamps. These point clouds can be used to create 3D models for a variety of applications, including architecture, manufacturing, and engineering.

surface mesh = a collection of vertices, edges, and faces that represent the 2D surface of a 3D object, often used as a boundary for creating more complex 3D meshes. It is a fundamental data structure in computer graphics and engineering for modeling and analyzing the surfaces of shapes, such as the outer shell of a car or a piece of sheet metal.

is the process of applying a 2D image (a texture) onto the surface of a 3D model to add visual detail, color, and other properties like shininess or bumpiness. This is achieved by assigning texture coordinates (u, vu comma v 𝑢,𝑣) to the vertices of the 3D object, which are then interpolated across the surface to map the corresponding pixels from the texture image onto the model's faces during rendering.

is a way of mapping a texture onto a 3D object and making it look like it was projected from a single point. Think of it as the batman symbol projected onto the clouds, with the clouds being our object and the batman symbol being our texture.

Mesh data is much easier to visualize and interpret than point cloud data as it is more like what we are used to in the real world. Interpreting on a solid mesh surface is easier and requires less precision than a point cloud. The position information selected by clicking on a triangle is an interpolation of the vertex points, and as such is not the true position. In many cases the difference is insignificant, but in certain instances where the point spacing is large compared to the variability in the surface the errors can be significant. This can be a problem when dealing with fracture studies, and why you should always be careful when decimating data. This is why VRGS does not decimate data by default.is a way of mapping a texture onto a 3D object and making it look like it was projected from a single point. Think of it as the batman symbol projected onto the clouds, with the clouds being our object and the batman symbol being our texture.